Companies spending €5 million a year on R&D can secure €1.05 million to €1.4 million in annual cash inflow through the research tax credit, plus a one-off retrospective benefit of up to €5.6 million. Most never claim it. Not because they are ineligible. Because three structural flaws block it: funding treated as a project rather than a process, finance and R&D working in silos, and liquidity effects left out of financial planning.